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HMRC Can't Have Its (Tea)Cake And Eat It, Says EU Court Advisor,
by Ulrika Lomas, Tax-News.com, Brussels
Tuesday, December 18, 2007
An Advocate General to the European Court of Justice has sided with UK retailer
Marks and Spencer in its battle to have overpaid VAT on the sale of teacakes
refunded by the UK tax department.
What should have been a storm in a teacup, the legal battle between M&S
and the UK customs authorities has dragged on for several years and gone to
the highest court in the UK, and from there to the European Union's top court.
The dispute centres on the classification of certain foodstuffs for VAT purposes
- often a source of conflict between retailers and the government in the UK
(who can forget the furore over the classification of 'Jaffa Cakes'?). Generally,
the supply of food is zero-rated in the UK for VAT purposes. However, confectionery
is an exception to this rule, and chocolate covered biscuits are considered
to be confectionery in such cases, and therefore face standard rate VAT.
Marks & Spencer, following these rules, accounted for VAT in their sale
of the teacakes. But in 1994, the UK tax authority suggested that the product
had been mis-classified, and should have been deemed a cake, therefore qualifying
for the zero VAT rate.
The retailer has thus far been unable to prove that it is entitled to a GBP3.5
million refund (based on sales of the teacakes from 1973), and has received
only GBP88,440 from Customs, which argues that the majority of the additional
cost stemming from the VAT has been passed on to consumers. However, in a decision
issued last week, Advocate General Juliane Kokott concluded that the claim did
not constitute unjust enrichment, as claimed by the UK government.
"The objection that Marks & Spencer has been enriched cannot be invoked
as long as it offends the principle of equal treatment," Kokott's ruling
stated.
Decisions by Advocates General are not binding on the European Court, but tend
to be taken up in the most cases.
The ECJ's final ruling is expected to be handed back to the UK's House of Lords
next year.
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