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Flat Tax Proposed For Panama,
by Mike Godfrey, Tax-News.com, Washington
Thursday, April 30, 2009
Ricardo Martinelli, the Panamanian businessman who is leading the race to become
the next President of the Central American country is proposing to revamp the
tax system with the introduction of a ‘flat tax.’
Frank De Lima, Martinelli’s senior economic advisor, told Dow Jones Newswires
in a recent interview that the opposition Democratic Change candidate is still
considering the rate at which the flat tax will be imposed, but it will likely
be fixed somewhere between 18% and 22% for companies and between 12% and 17%
for individuals.
In another pro-business tax proposal, Martinelli wants to abolish a 1.4% tax
on gross revenues, approved by Panama’s legislature in February 2005 as
part of a major fiscal reform package which sought to raise additional revenues
to reduce the country’s level of debt. Martinelli also wants to increase
the number of deductions available for business in the tax system, although
it is intended that the proposed reforms would be revenue neutral.
Currently, taxation in Panama, which is governed by the Fiscal Code, is on
a territorial basis; this is to say, that taxes apply only to income or gains
derived through business carried on in Panama itself. An entity which has its
activities or assets outside Panama will automatically escape taxation.
The rate of income tax in Panama is 30% on chargeable income up to PAB100,000
(USD100,000) rising to 42% on income over PAB500,000 for companies that are
registered with the Official Registry of National Industry or that have government
contracts. But the territorial nature of Panama’s tax system has succeeded
in attracting 120,000 corporate entities, of which the majority can be considered
to be 'offshore'.
Aspects of Panama’s tax system have been called into question
by the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development, which recently
placed the country on its ‘grey list’ of territories which have
not yet achieved prescribed minimum standards in tax transparency (i.e. signing
a minimum of 12 tax and information exchange agreements).
Tax is also one of
the issues holding up a free trade agreement with the United States. Signed by President
Bush in 2007, the US Congress is refusing to ratify the agreement until “specific
actions to meet ILO labor standards and resolution of the tax haven issue”
are resolved, as Rep. Charles Rangel, the New York Democrat who chairs the influential
House Ways and Means Committee, said recently.
It is unclear, however, how Panama’s proposed flat tax would fit into
this mix if Martinelli wins the popular vote on May 3. The supermarket tycoon
is currently the favourite to replace President Martin Torrijos, whose term
expires in September.
Flat taxes, which reduce the complexities involved in progressive tax systems, have become a popular means of attracting foreign investment in certain parts of Europe, and have been a key ingredient in the transformation of several economies, notably the former Eastern Bloc nations of Estonia, Slovakia and Russia. The flat tax revolution has yet to reach the shores of Latin America; but while Panama is one of the more successful economies in the region, Martinelli must be hoping his proposals will achieve similar results.
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