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BakerPlatt Chairman Questions EU Money Laundering 'White List',
by Jason Gorringe, Tax-News.com, London
Wednesday, June 25, 2008
A specialist lawyer in the field of money laundering and financial service
regulation has this week questioned the validity of the European Union’s
‘White List’ of countries whose money laundering controls are considered
to be equal to the EU Member States.
Stephen Platt, English barrister and chairman of BakerPlatt Group, questioned
why countries such as Russia, Argentina and Mexico can justifiably make the
list and pointed out that Australia and Canada, also on the list, are
regarded as less than 25% compliant by the standards set by the Financial Action
TaskForce (FATF) into money laundering controls.
The White List countries are seen as having a higher level of control compared
to leading offshore finance jurisdictions including the British Crown Dependencies,
a conclusion Mr Platt described as bewildering.
"Having researched the background to some of the countries included, we
question why countries that fall behind recognised international standards are
on the list, whilst finance centres such as Jersey, the Bahamas and the Cayman
are not," commented Mr Platt, who advises Governments and regulators on
the implementation of effective regulatory and anti-money laundering rules.
In conjunction with its alliance partner in London, Seven Bedford Row, BakerPlatt,
which is a Jersey based law firm, has produced an analysis of the countries
included on the White List.
It highlighted the following:
Russia – the first mutual evaluation report on Russia
in 2001 by the European Committee on Crime Problems, noted as a ‘critical
deficiency’ Russia’s lack of comprehensive laws and regulations
giving effect to international standards on money laundering. Although a second
round evaluation in 2004 noted significant improvements, the numbers of investigations,
prosecutions and convictions for money laundering were reducing and Know Your
Customer procedures remained deficient.
Argentina - a GAFISUD report
noted inherent weaknesses in legislation which had the effect of impeding
successful prosecution of money laundering and no offence of terrorist financing
existed. Argentina was criticised for its failure to provide statistics in
anti money laundering areas meaning an assessment of the implementation of
core requirements could not be carried out.
Mexico – in the FATF’s September 2004 report, the
application of anti-money laundering measures was seen as somewhat haphazard,
and the lack of mutual legal assistance legislation not only inhibited Mexico’s
ability to co-operate internationally, it also undermined national prosecutions.
Bank and trust secrecy was also criticised as impeding investigations.
South Africa – while there was praise from FATF for
developing a legislative structure to combat money laundering, the absence
of a framework to combat the financing of terrorism was noted, whilst the
framework in place was so new it needed time to be assessed for its effectiveness.
BakerPlatt conducted some comparisons between Jersey, which was not included
on the White List and yet was 76% compliant at the time of the last IMF assessment
of the Island in 2003, and five of the other countries include on the White List.
The firm argued that:
"In their more recent assessments by the IMF neither Australia (24%), Canada
(14%), Singapore (23%), Switzerland (22%) and USA (31%) are anywhere near the
compliance standards reached by Jersey."
"Australia and Canada’s staggering level of non-compliance with
FATF recommendations makes it difficult for the EU to justify their inclusion
on the White List on the grounds of “equivalence," Platt added, going
on to conclude:
"Given that the EU recently announced that it is to pursue infringement
measures against 15 of its member states for failing to implement the Third
Money Laundering Directive into national law, the EU would perhaps be better
placed to give a jurisdiction such as Jersey the recognition it deserves, and
the role model some of its member states appear to need, as the leader in the
field of anti money laundering."
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