The International Monetary Fund (IMF) on Wednesday published the conclusions
reached in the course of its United Kingdom 2006 Article IV Consultation.
The IMF mission stated that:
"This year, there has been a relatively high convergence between our and
the authorities' views on central projections for the economy for the near and
medium terms, and related demands on macroeconomic policies. Given this agreement,
good structural policies, and the IMF's efforts to better focus surveillance,
we have centered our discussions on the risks -- upside and downside -- to the
UK economy from globalization. This statement, which experiments with a new
format, covers the central outlook briefly before turning to this risk assessment."
The report commenced by stating that macroeconomic performance in the United
Kingdom remains impressive, with the growth of investment, productivity, and
output rebounding from a softer 2005.
The IMF also observed that GDP growth had picked up in 2006 and is expected
to remain robust, announcing that:
"We see growth at about 2¾ percent in each of the next two years,
broadly in line with potential and close to the forecasts in the Pre Budget
Report and the latest Inflation Report. Business investment is being boosted
by healthy corporate balance sheets and the low cost of capital. "
It suggested:
"Consistent with this favorable outlook, financial sector prospects are
strong. Net exports of financial services have risen steadily over the past
decade and increased sharply in recent years. UK banks are among the most profitable
in the G7 and ratings agencies rank the UK banking system as one of the strongest
in the world."
"The strength of the banking system reflects effective financial regulation
and supervision in the context of improved risk management, geographical diversification,
and the growth of new business activities. In particular, the development of
financial markets has allowed banks to transfer some of the risk that they traditionally
held on their own balance sheets. The insurance sector has returned to a more
stable outlook. And the ongoing shift from negotiated, bilateral banking finance
to arms-length finance through asset markets has facilitated consumption smoothing.
"
However, it warned the UK government that: "Continued fiscal restraint
is also essential given the still sizable overall deficit."
Looking to the possible impact of external events on the UK economy, the IMF
observed that:
"Openness and flexibility continue to position the United Kingdom to benefit
from the opportunities of globalization and absorb shocks. The recent rapid
growth of the world economy has boosted demand for exports, especially of financial
services, and allowed the United Kingdom to source goods from the lowest cost
global producers."
"The combination of benign global financial conditions and openness to
capital flows has contributed to record levels of foreign direct investment
inflows, while allowing the United Kingdom to earn substantial net investment
income. The decision to admit workers from the new EU member states has boosted
the flow of immigrants and helped to fill skills gaps. While openness may increase
exposure to downside global risks, it also contributes to the flexibility that
allows the economy to respond to adverse developments quickly. However, this
flexibility alone would not be sufficient to smooth developments in the face
of some major international shocks."
It concluded:
"The financial sector starts from a position of strength, and the authorities
continue to promote the system's resilience. The key concerns are low-probability
events with potentially severe consequences. In addition to global risks, vulnerabilities
include high and rising household debt, increasing exposure to complex and potentially
illiquid instruments, and growing reliance by banks on wholesale funding, which
raises liquidity risk."
"In addressing these risks, the authorities are, appropriately, aiming
to balance the costs and benefits of regulation. We support the authorities'
efforts to identify and encourage best practices in stress-testing. Given the
growing cross-country linkages between financial systems, the authorities' plans
to further enhance international crisis prevention and management arrangements
are welcome."