The report sets out a framework for how Canada can transition to a low-emission future and achieve these long-term emission reductions.

The central recommendation of the report is to establish an economy-wide price signal for carbon emissions as soon as possible.

The NRTEE research shows that the most effective and efficient policy that would result in deep GHG emission reductions is a market-based policy, such as an emissions tax, a cap-and-trade system, or a combination of the two.

In order to achieve the deep emission reduction target, this policy would need to be complemented by other sector-specific regulatory measures to force emission reductions from those parts of the economy that do not respond to a price signal.

"Our analysis shows that putting a price on emissions is the most effective tool to achieve deep GHG reductions over the long-term" explained NRTEE Chair Glen Murray, continuing:"An early and clear price signal is needed to influence the investment decisions by industry in the technology and innovation required to achieve deep reductions and also to influence consumer decisions and behaviour."

The NRTEE report sets out five important "enabling conditions" that should be reflected in Canada’s long-term climate change policy framework. These are:

• Canada will have to act in concert with the world, to address competitiveness issues.
• Policy certainty beyond the short term is critical, to ensure predictability for new investments.
• An economy-wide emission price signal with complementary regulatory policies is necessary, to foster investment, technology deployment, and change consumer behaviour.
• Technology deployment is imperative, and will need to be wide-spread throughout all segments of the economy.
• An integrated approach to climate change and air pollution should be pursued, to reduce costs and improve health outcomes.

The Round Table’s analysis concludes that the government’s medium and long-term targets are achievable with the equivalent impact on Canada’s GDP of 1 to 2 "years of lost GDP" over the 44-year period from 2006 to 2050.

"Delaying action comes with unnecessarily high economic and environmental risk," stated Murray.

"Our research shows that a faster, deeper pathway to achieve the government’s long-term GHG reduction targets of 20% by 2020 and 65% by 2050, has the least overall economic impact in the long-run, and better environmental outcomes resulting in the equivalent of 5 years of no GHG emissions into the atmosphere over this period as we meet our targets."

The NRTEE has called for the establishment of a Canada-wide plan as soon as possible in order to improve coordination of federal, provincial and territorial GHG emission reduction policies.