It was traditionally
Belgian dentists who were the mainstay of the Eurobond markets
- wealthy professionals in a high-taxing country who kept their
money in lock-boxes under the bed and used it to buy bearer bonds
which paid interest gross into offshore bank accounts, no questions
asked.
After Monday's EU
savings tax deal (see the full
story in Tax-News yesterday), what will the Belgian dentist
do with his money in future? He has until the end of February
to buy Eurobonds in London - they will be 'grandfathered' under
the rules, ie they will be immune from reporting requirements.
But after the end of February, if he buys a bond in Europe, then
from 2003 the interest will either be subject to 15% withholding
tax (in Belgium, Austria and Luxembourg and rising to 20% from
2006) or it will be reported to his national tax authorities (in
the other twelve EU member states). That's to say, it will be
illegal for an issuer to sell a bond without proof of nationality,
and EU nationals will have to give taxpayer identification numbers.
Interest payments will be reported to the appropriate national
taxing authority. In the three 'withholding' countries the 15%
or 20% tax withheld will be shared 25%/75% between the country
making the deduction and the taxpayer's home country.
Our dentist won't
go to Switzerland: there is already a 35% withholding tax in that
country on interest payments, although at least our friend would
retain anonymity. The Swiss Federal Council reacted to Monday's
EU news by saying that Switzerland could be flexible about extending
its withholding tax system, but would not under any circumstances
give up banking secrecy. They will come under heavy pressure to
do so, because the EU agreement is conditional on getting agreement
by 2002 from major banking nations and territories on the principle
of information-sharing. The dentist is sceptical about the chances
that the US under President Bush and with a Republican Congress
would abrogate banking secrecy under pressure from the EU, but
he isn't going to take the chance. So he rules out Switzerland
and its partner Liechtenstein (a Swiss/Liechtenstein combination
is tax-efficient and secret), which would have to give in if the
US falls into line.
In the end, calculates
the dentist, the information-sharing regime probably lives or
dies according to the behaviour of the European offshore jurisdictions:
the UK's offshore islands, Liechtenstein, Monaco and so forth.
It is Luxembourg more than any other EU member state that stands
to lose from information-sharing that is other than universal,
and Luxembourg can't agree to it and survive unless its offshore
competitors are bound by the same rules. What are the chances
that Jersey et al will embrace information-sharing? One related
piece of little-noticed good news for the offshore territories
from Monday's Ecofin Council is that the other part of the EU's
tax directive, the 'Code of Conduct' appears to have been comprehensively
buried. The Code of Conduct Committee, chaired by the UK's Paymaster-General
Dawn Primarolo, had listed 66 'harmful' tax regimes in EU countries
and their dependent territories. It was adopted on Monday on a
'voluntary' basis, which is Eurospeak for 'abandoned'. So the
dentist thinks that the offshore territories will survive, and
that information-sharing will never happen across the Union -
perhaps after the Nice summit next week fails to adopt majority
voting for fiscal affairs 'variable geometry' will become the
name of the game, and the major EU countries will go ahead with
information-sharing on their own.
Anyway, to be on
the safe side M. le dentist decides to avoid all of the offshore
dependencies which have been under pressure to change, and remembers
a colleague, an ardent skier, who has been singing the praises
of Andorra. Although theoretically under the joint control of
France and Spain, Andorra seems to have managed to avoid being
picked on by staying completely motionless under its blanket of
snow - there is never any news from or about Andorra. So our friend
is off next weekend on a reconnaissance visit, with a few gold
bars in the back of his Mercedes, and we'll be reporting next
week on his assessment.
Fanciful? Maybe,
but on Tuesday morning Tax-News.com received an urgent e-mail
from an investor asking why we hadn't covered Monday's news (our
story was published by mid-day on Tuesday). 'On behalf of all
free investors . . .' began the e-mail. The EU has indeed just
written a collective financial suicide note: whether it has the
nerve to jump into the abyss remains to be seen, but most 'free
investors', along with Belgian dentists, probably aren't going
to hang around to find out. Now where did I leave my skiing boots
. . .?